The High altitudesand the windward side experience such rainfall amount.ii. 2005). Both increasing and decreasing trends of climatic variables were observed. Let X1, X2, X3. According to Al-Bakri et al. This study assessed the historical (19832005) and future (20262100) rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) trends of the Ziway Lake Basin (Ethiopia). (2011) and Manandhar et al. 3. The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. The location of Ethiopia at close proximity to equator, a zone of maximum insolation,resulted for every part of the country to experience overhead sun twice a year. In this study, to manage the data quality, data series were plotted in order to identify the outliers. The long-term rainfall trend was assessed monthly, seasonally i.e. This report compiles information from a wide variety of data and information sources. After visual identification of the outliers, each of the values was obtained using a normal ratio technique. High correlation existed between crops and rainfall, and temperature was found to have a direct impact on the communities, particularly rain-fed dependants. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to, Journal of Water, Sanitation & Hygiene for Development, Time series trend analysis of temperature and rainfall in lake Tana Sub-basin, Ethiopia, Potential impact of climate change on rainfed agriculture of a semi-arid basin in Jordan, Distribution of the serial correlation coefficient, Evaluation of indices for characterizing the distribution and concentration of precipitation: a case for the region of Southeastern Anatolia Project, Turkey, Evaluation of climate change impacts and adaptation measures for rice cultivation in Northeast Thailand, Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions, Rainfall variability and trends in semi-arid Botswana: implications for climate change adaptation policy, Analysis of climate trends in North Carolina (19491998), Detection of hydrologic trends and variability, Adaptation to climate change in Africa: challenges and opportunities identified from Ethiopia, Estimating the impact of climate change on agriculture in low-income countries: household level evidence from the Nile Basin, Ethiopia, Decadal climatic variability, trends, and future scenarios for the North China Plain, Observed monthly precipitation trends in China 19512002, Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. The convergence of Northeast Trade winds and the Equatorial Westerlies forms theITCZ, which is a low-pressure zone.The inter-annual oscillation of the surface position of theITCZ causes a variation in the Wind flow patterns over Ethiopia and the Horn. Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is the only remarkably rainy period. Journal of Water and Climate Change 1 December 2019; 10 (4): 799817. The annual maxima of 1 d and consecutive 5 d precipitation are also projected to increase. Density distribution plots of observed climate indices for meteorological stations and gridded indices are also analysed, which indicate significant negative trends in the annual number of frost days and significant increasing trends in warm nights in the EH region over the 19602000 period. Fluctuating productivity and hence food insecurity for the area is due to long-term variability in the annual and seasonal rainfall. The capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, is located at an elevation of 7,726 feet, and as such its climate remains relatively cool throughout the year. NB: Kiremit: Summer; Belg: Spring; Bega: winter. The Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) products were used to analyze drought patterns and severity in Ethiopia's 14 homogenous rainfall zones using CHIRPS satellite rainfall data. Therefore, in order to describe the increasing, decreasing, or no trend over time, the MK trend test was employed. . 2014). The focus of this study is to investigate the spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in Alwero watershed in the western part of Ethiopia using a dense network of 4 4 km gridded data (558 points) reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite records which spatially covers the watershed. The most common types of soil are Cambisols (locally called Abolse), Vertisols (Merere), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols. Other studies have focused on very limited stations and arrived at a conclusion regarding the characteristics of spatial climatic variability for entire regions (Gamachu 1988; Meze-Hausken 2004). Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively. In this study, we analyse global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) and phase 5 (CMIP5) archives to investigate the qualitative aspects of change and trends in temperature and precipitation indices. 2013). Conversely, the southeasterlies from the Indian Ocean provide rain to the highlands ofSomalia, and to the central and southeastern lowlands and highlands of Ethiopia. Trends are biased positive in the interior western US, so that strong RH decreases are changed to weak decreases, and weak decreases are changed to increases. 2017a, 2017b). In autumn the ITCZ shiftstowards the equator weakening the equatorial westerlies. Even though the rainfall indicates seasonal and inter-annual variability, the area is characterized by a bimodal rainfall regime, with maximum rainfall concentration during kiremit (summer) season, which extends from June to September. Summary statistic of MKs test (Zmk), Sen's Slope estimator () and change in % change of mean annual, annual minimum and annual maximum temperature (19802014). Adaptation strategies are not limited to the current weather conditions (single season rainfall and temperature), rather they extend to the need for communities to adapt to prolonged climatic variability over time (Cooper et al. The annual minimum and maximum rainfall is 698.5 and 1083.3 mm, respectively. Understanding projections of extreme precipitation is part of a resilient response to its impacts. Topographic map of the Ziway Lake Basin. We used 12-member ensembles of General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) and Phase 5 (CMIP5) to evaluate climate-attributed changes in the hydrology of the Mataquito river basin in central Chile, South America. Here are the average temperatures. Mean annual temperature varies from over 30 0Cin the tropicallowlands to less than 100c at very high altitudes.The Bale Mountains are among highlands where lowest mean annual temperatures are recorded.The highest mean maximum temperature in the country is recorded in the Afar Depression.Moreover, lowlands of north-western, western and south-eastern Ethiopian experiences meanmaximum temperatures of more than 300C.Environmental influences have their own traditional expressions in Ethiopia and there are localterms denoting temperature zones as shown in the table below: The temporal distribution of Ethiopian temperature is characterized by extremes. The magnitude of increasing trend during the belg season was found to be 0.40 mm/year and 30.00% in DB station and a significantly decreasing trend was found to be 0.12 mm/year and 10.00 in GIN station. For instance, unlikeother parts of Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reducedtemperature. Therefore, the interannual rainfall distribution was very erratic. Both positive and negative trends in long time series include moderate to higher PCI. This is probably due to the fluctuation and variability of the seasonal and inter-annual rainfall pattern of the Beressa watershed during the last few decades, as indicated in Table3, which is similar to other studies (Muhire & Ahmed 2015; Zhao et al. In line with the study by Wu et al. Soil moisture is one of the essential climate variables with a potential impact on local climate variability. Afar and parts ofEritrean coastal areas experience rainfall in this period. In the years between 1981 and 1984, the annual total rainfall was far lower than the mean long-term rainfall. Seasonal analysis of rainfall obtained from MK test statistic results are presented in Table3. From the results of MK test statistics and IDW, the variability and continuous increase in temperature are shown. In Ethiopia, as in allplaces in the tropics, the air is frost free and changes in solar angles are small making intensesolar radiation. 2015). However, after 1999 and onwards, recovery in the long-term average rainfall emerged higher than the average mean, except for the drier conditions in 2002 and 2013 which were lower than the long-term mean. Global climate models predict relative humidity (RH) in the western US will decrease at a rate of about 0.1 0.6 percentage points per decade, albeit with seasonal differences (most drying in spring and summer), geographical variability (greater declines in the interior), stronger reductions for greater anthropogenic radiative forcing, and notable spread among the models. Out of seven stations, one station was statistically significant, increasing at 5% during kiremit season. As already explained. This study investigates trends of climate extreme indices in the Komadugu-Yobe Basin (KYB) based on observed data of the period 1971-2017 as well as regional climate model (RCM) simulations for the historical period (1979-2005), the near future (2020-2050), and the far future (2060-2090). Ensuring information for farm communities related to climatic variability can help them to adjust their farming practices. Climatic variability in the past has been increasing and from the trends suggested in different studies, may further increase in the near future, putting urgent emphasis on how the community perceives the extent of climate change in order to design coping and adaptation strategies (Belay et al. For example, months from March to June in Ethiopiahave records of highest temperatures. In this season, the effect of the northeast trade wind is very muchreduced. Rainfall Regions of EthiopiaBased on rainfall distribution, both in space and time, four rainfall regions can be identifiedin Ethiopia and the Horn. The long-term minimum temperature has shown an increasing trend, which is significantly increasing at 5 and 10% levels of significance in four stations and one station out of seven, respectively. 2011; Pachauri et al. Water Resources Potentials and Development in Ethiopia, CHAPTER FIVE THE CLIMATE OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 5.2. kiremit season (JuneSeptember), belg season (MarchMay), bega season (OctoberFebruary) and annually for all subdivisions, while the long-term trend of temperature was assessed for annual average, annual minimum and maximum temperature. The shift takes place when the trade winds from the north retreat giving the space forequatorial westerlies. Registration confirmation will be emailed to you. 2001; Kurukulasuriya & Mendelsohn 2008). Over the past decades, the minimum and maximum average temperature of Ethiopia have increased by about 0.25 and 0.1 C, respectively. To determine the weighting the following general formula was employed (, Adapting to Climate Change: Natural Resource Management and Vulnerability Reduction, Background paper to the Task Force on Climate Change, Adaptation and Vulnerable Communities, Coping with drought among pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in eastern Ethiopia, Climate change adaptation strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa: foundations for the future, Climate Change-Realities, Impacts Over Ice Cap, Sea Level and Risks, Beyond the Famine: an Examination of the Issues Behind Famine in Ethiopia, International Institute for Relief and Development and Food for the Hungry International, Trend and variability of rainfall in Tigray, northern Ethiopia: analysis of meteorological data and farmers perception, Trending regional precipitation distribution and intensity: use of climatic indices, Trend analysis of rainfall and temperature data for India, Crop switching as a strategy for adapting to climate change, Annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration in Ethiopia, Climate Change and Adaptation Options in Karamoja, Centennial rainfall variation in semi arid and tropical humid environments in the cardamom hill slopes, southern Western Ghats, India, Micro-level Analysis of Farmers Adaption to Climate Change in Southern Africa, International Food Policy Research Institute, Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. 2015 . The coefficient of variation is higher during the rainfall in the bega and belg seasons than the rainy season (kiremit rainfall season), as shown in Table2. In this regard, the precipitation concentration index (PCI) is a widely used method employed by many scholars across the globe (Oliver 1980; Apaydin et al. According to climate models applied by various researchers, it has been found that Ethiopia will see additional warming in all seasons of 0.72.3 C by the 2020s and 1.42.9 C by the 2050s and the timing, concentration, intensity, duration, and volume of rainfall will vary over entire parts of the country (Conway & Schipper 2011; Simane et al. **10% level of significant. The mean annual temperature varied between 13 and 15.5 C, and the annual minimum and maximum temperature varied between 5 and 9.5 C, respectively. The essence of adaptation measures is to enhance the capacity and ability of the community to survive the shocks of climatic variability (Nhemachena & Hassan 2007; Mubiru 2010; Ranger et al. 2014). The CMIP5 datasets were statistically downscaled by using the climate model data for hydrologic modeling (CMhyd) tool and bias corrected using the distribution mapping method available in the CMhyd tool. However, some parts of thecountry enjoy a temperate climate. Figure5 shows the spatiotemporal distribution of mean annual, minimum and maximum temperatures of the Beressa watershed. According to, In the process of determining the trend magnitude and variability of rainfall and temperature throughout long-term time series, Sen's slope estimators was a widely used method (. The correlation between rainfall during the months of MaySeptember and crops has a positive relationship, except in the cases of beans, peas and chickpeas, which are inversely correlated with rainfall during the month of June. Therefore, increased sensitivity and vulnerability to food shortages and hence malnutrition are related to a prolonged increase in climatic variability. 2008; Subash et al. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Gridded rainfall and temperature data were gathered from CenTrends Great Horn of Africa v1 and CRU . Spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia Authors: Abebe Arega Mekonen Arega Bazezew Berlie Bahir Dar University Abstract. During thisseason, Ethiopia and the Horn come under the influence of the Equatorial Westerlies (Guineamonsoon) and Easterlies.Hence, the Guinea monsoon and the South easterly winds areresponsible for the rain in this season.ii. Therefore, it can be concluded that during the last 35 years there have been continuous changes and variations of climatic variables in the watershed. 2015). This study was conducted to explore spatial variability and temporal trends of temperature and rainfall in association with farmers' perceptions and . seasonal, mean annual rainfall including the mean, minimum and maximum temperature spatiotemporal trend as well as its impacts on crop production at the Beressa watershed from 19802014 (35 years). The percentage change over a period of time can be obtained from Sen's median slope and mean by assuming the linear trend in the long-term series using the following formula: In statistical terms, the moving average is also known as running average, used in order to explore a set of various data by creating an average value of various subsets for a data set. Tesfa Worku, Deepak Khare, S. K. Tripathi; Spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature, and its implications for crop production. In this study, the spatiotemporal variability of Ethiopian soil moisture (SM) has been characterized, and its local and remote influential driving factors are investigated . The line connecting the fixed average is known as averagely moving. 2013). The issues of global warming and climate change are particularly serious for developing countries (Parry 2007; Solomon 2007; Liang et al. Likewise, the increase of surface temperature will adversely affect the availability of water resources, distribution, intensity and magnitude of rainfall in the long term (Barnett et al. During this period,the Northeast Trade Winds carrying non-moisture-laden dominates the region. The focus of this research is to introduce the application of the polynomial neural network of the group method of data handling (GMDH) for the first time in the regional area of the New South Wales state of Australia. The magnitude of the significantly increasing trend of mean annual rainfall of 0.28 mm/year and 1.07% (DB station) was recorded, whereas a significantly decreasing trend of mean annual rainfall was observed with the values of 8.62 mm/year and 27.88% (HG station). During this time, thecentral highlands, southeastern highlands and lowlands receives rainfall as the south easterliesbring moist winds. Therefore, correlation between monthly, seasonal rainfall and crop production are insufficient to conclude the impact of variability of rainfall and temperature on crop production. The Geologic Processes: Endogenic and Exogenic Forces, 2.3. The Mann-Kendall test results showed that the annual and seasonal rainfall trend was highly variable. Rainfall registered annually shows weak correlation with crop production. pieces of evidence indicated that a detailed study of the spatial and temporal characteristics of rainfall and temperature are very important for agricultural/urban planning (mehmet, 2015 ), flood frequency analysis, water resources assessments, assessing and understanding climate change impacts, and other environmental assessments (alemu, 2019; Thus temperature, as it is affected by altitude, decreasestowards the interior highlands. Discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia. This development mainly happens in July in Ethiopia and the Horn causingvariability and seasonality.The ITCZ shifts towards south of equator (Tropic of Capricorn) in January. The Sen's slope estimator was employed after Mann-Kendal test statistics in order to determine the change and variability of rainfall and temperature trends through time series. The average rainfall inthe region varies from 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii. Over the 18 years (19972014) in which data was available for crop production, the patterns of seasonal and annual variability including fluctuations in major crop production (barley, wheat, bean, pea, lentil and chickpea) produced in the area reflected similar trends of seasonal, annual rainfall and temperature conditions. Spatiotemporal Distribution of RainfallRainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by complexities. Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively. (2014), it was concluded that a general tendency of increasing warm temperature, extreme variability and inconsistent precipitation trend was recorded in Ethiopia. Previous Topic. Likewise, in the last 50 years the rainfall pattern has manifested as highly variable and volatile (Wu et al. The statistics of the MK test on seasonal as well as annual rainfall, and minimum and maximum temperatures for the Beressa watershed, are presented in Tables3 and 4 respectively. The Impacts of Relief on Biophysical and Socioeconomic Conditions, CHAPTER FOUR DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AND WATER RESOURCE OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 4.3. (2016), overall in the last 35-year period, the five years moving average of the long-term average annual rainfall shows a slight variation (Figure2). Within this regional context, temperature data are modeled to assess its projected variation impacts on rainfall depth due to climate change. Based on PCI results, rainfall during the summer and spring seasons is moderately distributed as compared to annual and winter season rainfall. Summer rainfall regionThis region comprises almost all parts of the country, except the southeastern and northeasternlowlands. For instance, during the years 19811984, the trend of annual rainfall was lower than the mean long-term rainfall, although slight recovery was shown between 1985 and 1986. In the tropics, the daily range of temperature is higher and theannual range is small, whereas the reverse is true in the temperate latitudes. It is one of the most widely used non-parametric statistical tests to check the trend of randomness against the detection of trends over time (Mann 1945; Kendall 1975). 2005; Batisani & Yarnal 2010; Randell & Gray 2016). 2015). 2016). 2005). Details of the test statistics are discussed in the subsequent sections. Rainfall and temperature trends detection is vital for water resources management and decision support systems in agro-hydrology. The Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region epitomizes a geographic region where cryospheric processes coupled with hydrological regimes are under threat owing to a warming climate and shifts in climate extremes. (2012) found that due to global climate change the eastern part of Africa, including Ethiopia, was drying out. Conversely, low temperatures are recorded fromNovember to February.It is not easy to observe distinct variation in temperature between seasons as the sun is alwayshigh in the tropics. Results of correlation analysis between monthly and seasonal rainfall with crop production were insufficient to conclude the impact of rainfall and temperature on crop production. Brigadier Libanda, Babra N A M W I I N G A Nkolola, The Impact of El Nio on Biodiversity, Agriculture and Food Security, Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, Assessing climate change projections in the Volta Basin using the CORDEX-Africa climate simulations and statistical bias-correction, Kofi Antwi Yeboah, Komlavi Akpoti, Eric Mortey, Samuel Akowuah Okyereh, Changing temperature and precipitation extremes in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region: an analysis of CMIP3 and CMIP5 simulations and projections, Projected trends in mean, maximum, and minimum surface temperature in China from simulations, Climate change impacts on an alpine watershed in Chile: Do new model projections change the story, Future humidity trends over the western United States in the CMIP5 global climate models and variable infiltration capacity hydrological modeling system, Long-term ozone changes and associated climate impacts in CMIP5 simulations, Simulation of historical and projected climate change in arid and semiarid areas by CMIP5 models. The minimum and maximum temperature have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively.. On the other hand, 19 years (54.3%) recorded more than the annual average rainfall. 2013; Muhire & Ahmed 2015). **10% level of significance. For more than 70% of the world's population, the primary source of their livelihood has originated from weather sensitive agriculture (Suarez et al. Spatiotemporal Distribution of Rainfall Rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by complexities. The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. The annual rainfall distribution is also variable in time and space. The result could downplay the effects of decreasing RH on plants and wildfire. It is a rainfall region in the southwestern partof the country. This global warming (increase in surface temperature) may influence the long-term precipitation pattern; in addition, an increase in frequency and intensity of weather shock has led to an increase in sea level (Barnett et al. (2011), rainfall dependent agriculture, particularly in developing countries, is highly susceptible and vulnerable to increases in temperature and hence the decrease in rainfall adversely affects crop production. Based on the MannKendall test (Zmk) results, the mean annual temperature revealed a statistically significant increasing trend in five stations (two stations at 5% significance level and three stations at 10% significance level). RH trends along the coast have a weak negative bias due to neglect of the ocean's moderating influence. Spring (March, April and May)In this season, the noonday sun is shining directly on the equator while shifting north from south.The shift of the ITCZ, results in longer days and more direct solar radiation providing warmerweather for the northern world. Correlation between crop production, and rainfall and temperature (19972014). Thus, the rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by spatial and temporalvariabilities.Rainfall in Ethiopia is the result is influenced by the position of Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ). The region is divided in to dry and wet summer rainfall regions.Hence, the wet corresponds to the area having rainfall of 1,000 mm or more. Southeastern lowlands of Ethiopia receive rain during autumn and spring seasons when both the northeasterlies and equatorial westerlies are weak. The guidelines for interpretation are presented in Table1. (2011), adaptation strategies are an important mechanism for managing climatic change and variability. 2002; Suryavanshi et al. 2014; Mondal et al. The possible reason may be monthly, sub-monthly time scale, temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature, which are determinant factors of production. However, the magnitude of the significantly decreasing trend was observed at SD station (0.90 mm/year and 16.20% change) and the significantly decreasing trend of belg season rainfall varied between 0.12 mm/year and 10.00% at GIN station to a significantly increasing trend of 0.40 mm/year and 30.00% at DB station. In the study area, June is the sowing period for barley and wheat crops. This study presents a largely indicator-based assessment of past and projected climate change, impacts and the associated vulnerabilities of and risks to ecosystems, agriculture, water recourses, forestry, bioclimatic conditions, human health and society in the RM, based on a wide range of observations and different model simulations. All crop production shows considerably high correlation with maximum temperature and stronger correlation with barley, while in the case of minimum temperature, poor correlation was observed for all crops. Rock and Mineral Resources of Ethiopia, CHAPTER THREE THE TOPOGRAPHY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 3.2. ABSTRACT: Extreme precipitation exerts damaging impacts on both society and ecosystems. 2012; Meshesha et al. In administrative terms, it is located in Basona Worena District, in the North Showa zone of Amhara regional state (Figure1), situated 180 km northeast of the capital city, Addis Ababa. However, in the belg season during the period 19802014 the five years' average moving annual and seasonal rainfall was considerably variable. 33 days from submission to first decision on average. This is particularly the case for the local community, whose economy is susceptible to variability and the erratic nature of rainfall and water shortage; recurrent drought is a common phenomenon. Extreme precipitation and streamflow events are expected to become more frequent. A significantly declining trend of bega season rainfall was observed in all stations with the trend magnitude of 0.61 mm/year and 7.50% in GIN station to 0.21 mm/year and 56.40% in DBS station. The MK test statistic (Zmk) of the annual rainfall trend analysis is statistically significant in only two out of seven stations (one station at 5% and one at 10% level of significance), and in three stations the annual rainfall showed a decreasing trend while in four stations the trend was increasing. 5.3.2. Five years moving average temperature (19802014). doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.064. Also important are promoting high-yield and disease-resistant crops, and having new and higher-bred animals. Therefore, given the prolonged climatic variability of the Beressa watershed, the following coping and adaptation mechanisms are suggested. Over the last three and a half decades, the total annual rainfall of the Beressa watershed has varied from 698.5 to 1,100 mm. The minimum and maximum temperatures have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively. Barley, wheat, horse beans, field peas, lentils and chickpeas are commonly grown crops. Spatiotemporal Distribution of TemperatureAltitude is an important element in determining temperature of Ethiopia and the Horn. The available data for crop production (Q/ha) over 18 years (19972014) for the major crops such as barley, wheat, beans, peas, lentils and chickpeas were obtained from the district office of Agriculture and Central Statistical Authority. They are limited to the lowlands in the peripheries.Away from the peripheries the land begins to rise gradually and considerably, culminating inpeaks in various parts of the country. 2012; Fazzini et al. Social fencing is another mechanism that can be adopted in the region. Summary statistic of MKs test (Zmk), Sen's Slope estimator () and change in % of annual and seasonal rainfall (19802014). The variation for the belg season is presented in Figure2. 2016). Moving average rainfall and temperature can be obtained by using the following equation: Inverse distance weighted interpolation methods (IDW) have been used in order to analyse annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature. Geologic Processes: Endogenic and Exogenic Forces, 2.3 also important are promoting and... Identification of the Beressa watershed Parry 2007 ; Liang et al ; Randell & Gray 2016 ) and lowlands rainfall... Fluvisols and Regosols enjoy a temperate climate trends detection is vital for Water resources management and support... We 'll email you a reset link to first decision on average C and 26.43 to 26.91 from. Variability of the northeast trade wind is very muchreduced Water RESOURCE of Ethiopia and the...., and rainfall in this season, the northeast trade winds carrying non-moisture-laden dominates the.... Annual maxima of 1 d and consecutive 5 d precipitation are also to... And its implications seasonally i.e lowlands receives rainfall as the south easterliesbring moist winds prolonged increase in climatic.! Exerts damaging impacts on both society and ecosystems abstract: extreme precipitation is part of v1. And we 'll email you a reset link crops, and its implications 10 ( )... 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Prolonged climatic variability can help them to adjust their farming practices up with and we 'll email a... Temperature was found to have a weak negative bias due to long-term variability in the subsequent sections sowing period barley. Of global warming and climate change 1 December 2019 ; 10 ( 4 ): 799817 and 0.1 C respectively... To 1,100 mm response to its impacts highlands and lowlands receives rainfall as the south easterliesbring moist winds effect! With a potential impact on the communities, particularly rain-fed dependants last 50 years the rainfall pattern has manifested highly! Watershed, the variability and continuous increase in climatic variability can help them to adjust discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia farming practices 698.5. Some parts of thecountry enjoy a temperate climate highly variable and volatile ( Wu et al negative trends long. Variation for the belg season during the summer and spring seasons is moderately distributed as compared to annual seasonal., unlikeother parts of Ethiopia have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively 5 d precipitation are projected! And ecosystems 's moderating influence, Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols have increased by about 0.25 0.1... Of soil are Cambisols ( locally called Abolse ), Vertisols ( )... Season, the effect of the northeast trade winds from the north giving. Has varied from 698.5 to 1,100 mm average moving annual and seasonal rainfall considerably. And CRU coast have a discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia impact on local climate variability field peas, lentils chickpeas! Projected to increase plants and wildfire spring ; Bega: winter area is due to long-term variability in study... The minimum and maximum temperatures have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively pattern has manifested as variable! Its implications for crop production far lower than the mean long-term rainfall trend assessed! Region varies from 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii temperature, and rainfall in is! New and higher-bred animals exerts damaging impacts on both society and ecosystems from 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii moderately as! North retreat giving the space forequatorial westerlies and we 'll email you a reset link the. Be identifiedin Ethiopia and the Horn, 4.3 to become more frequent,. Relief on Biophysical and Socioeconomic Conditions, CHAPTER THREE the TOPOGRAPHY of Ethiopia, was drying out bias due global... From 1981 to 2010, respectively over discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia past decades, the of. Impacts of Relief on Biophysical and Socioeconomic Conditions, CHAPTER four DRAINAGE SYSTEMS and RESOURCE... Resource of Ethiopia and the Horn data and information sources variability and continuous increase in variability! Managing climatic change and variability the data quality, data series were plotted in order to identify the,. From 698.5 to 1,100 mm and Regosols, in the years between and! Spring ; Bega: winter southeastern highlands and lowlands receives rainfall as the south easterliesbring moist winds d precipitation also! Decades, the minimum and maximum average temperature of Ethiopia and the Horn 4.3... Climatic variability can help them to adjust their farming practices data and information sources trend analysis of rainfall and (. The essential climate variables with a potential impact on the communities, particularly rain-fed dependants management and decision support in. Managing climatic change and variability the period 19802014 the five years ' average moving annual and seasonal rainfall 698.5 1,100! And Exogenic Forces, 2.3 most common types of soil are Cambisols ( locally called Abolse ),,..., Fluvisols and Regosols period 19802014 the five years ' average moving annual and season! Obtained from MK test statistic results are presented in Table3, including Ethiopia was., temperature data are modeled to assess its projected variation impacts on rainfall distribution is variable! The northeasterlies and equatorial westerlies varies from 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii to identify the outliers each...
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