BP will pay $4.5billion in fines and other payments, the largest of its kind in US history. Although that method did not remove the oil completely, chemicals called dispersants were used to hasten the oil's degradation to prevent the oil from doing further damage to the marine habitats below the surface water. BP issued a statement strongly disagreeing with the finding, and saying the court's decision would be appealed. Through the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA)Investigation performed by trustees to identify injuries to natural resources caused by oil spills, hazardous substance releases, and grounding incidents in National Marine Sanctuaries, and plan restoration activities. Fish are intoxicated by the petroleum products and are unable to cope with the stress. Please click here to see any active alerts. [234], The United States Department of Health and Human Services set up the GuLF Study in June 2010 in response to these reports. . On April 20, 2010, the oil drilling rig Deepwater Horizon, operating in the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico, exploded and sank resulting in the death of 11 workers on the Deepwater Horizon and the largest spill of oil in the history of marine oil drilling operations. GoMRI uses a peer-review process to award grants for independent scientific research conducted primarily at academic institutions, as well as at select for-profit entities. The first one is increasing the surface area through emulsification. Mark Clayton for the Christian Science Monitor. Bioremediation was used extensively to combat the devastating effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 and British Petroleum's Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010. Pre-oil spill samples are what someone would expect in other beaches of similar location without contamination, which include a variety of diverse organisms that exhibit high level of interactions [5]. Blake D A, John V and Lvov Y M 2018 Bacterial proliferation on clay nanotube Pickering emulsions for oil spill bioremediation Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces. Because the effects of the Deepwater Horizon spill were so widespread, assessment teams are taking an ecosystem approach to restoring the Gulf ecosystem. A 100% reduction in alkanes and a 85.1% reduction in PAHs were demonstrated over 28 days. NOAA led development of the preliminary restoration planning, along with the U.S. Much research has been done on microbes and their implications in oil spills, but there are still much more to know. [145] On 2 August 2010, the EPA said dispersants did no more harm to the environment than the oil and that they stopped a large amount of oil from reaching the coast by breaking it down faster. Deepwater Horizon oil spill, also called Gulf of Mexico oil spill, largest marine oil spill in history, caused by an April 20, 2010, explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil riglocated in the Gulf of Mexico, approximately 41 miles (66 km) off the coast of Louisianaand its subsequent sinking on April 22. It was based on our thorough assessment of impacts to the Gulf's natural resources and the services they provide. [190][191] PAHs are often linked to oil spills and include carcinogens and chemicals that pose various health risks to humans and marine life. Pumping continued for eight hours, at the end of which the well was declared to be "in a static condition. [59][162] By mid-September, other research claimed that microbes mainly digested natural gas rather than oil. [47][48] The company argued that government figures do not reflect over 810,000bbl (34million USgal; 129,000m3) of oil that was collected or burned before it could enter the Gulf waters. The deepwater oil plume was greater than 35 km in distance and 30% was still in the water column. Booms extend 1848in (0.461.22m) above and below the water surface and were effective only in relatively calm and slow-moving waters. On August 3 BP conducted a static kill, a procedure in which drilling mud was pumped into the well through the BOP. This process involves investigating the effects of the spill on natural resources and determining the costs to restore them. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill added roughly 800 million liters of hydrocarbons to the Gulf of Mexico. [38][39] Ninety-four crew members were rescued by lifeboat or helicopter, 17 of whom were treated for injuries. It later emerged through documents released by Wikileaks that a similar incident had occurred on a BP-owned rig in the Caspian Sea in September 2008. "[88] On 4 August 2010, BP began pumping cement from the top, sealing that part of the flow channel permanently. The second had been intended to serve as a backup and was not completed. "[295] Later, he drew an outpouring of criticism when he said that the spill was a disruption to Gulf Coast residents and himself adding, "You know, I'd like my life back. "The Impact of the BP Oil Spill on Visitor Spending in Louisiana: Revised estimates based on data through 2010 Q4, Prepared for the Louisiana Office of Tourism", "Summary of Information concerning the Ecological and Economic Impacts of the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Disaster", "BP costs for oil spill response pass $3billion", "Smaller BP's profits down as oil spill trial looms", "Time to scrap BP brand? The devastating environmental impacts of the Exxon Valdez spill in 1989 and its media notoriety made it a frequent comparison to the BP Deepwater Horizon spill in the popular press in 2010, even though the nature of the two spills and the environments impacted were vastly different. [90][91] On 16 September 2010, the relief well reached its destination and pumping of cement to seal the well began. Two main types of affected coast were sandy beaches and marshes. [293] In June 2018, the executive order establishing the National Ocean Council was revoked by then-U.S. president Donald Trump in an effort to roll back bureaucracy and benefit "ocean industries [that] employ millions of Americans". Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. That 80 percent resulted in $5.3 billion going to the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Trust Fund, dedicated to five priorities, commonly called funding buckets: Amount of civil penalties collected from the Clean Water Act and dedicated by the federal RESTORE Act to the Gulf. environmental disaster, Gulf of Mexico [2010]. The success of these procedures cleared the way for a bottom kill, considered to be the most likely means of permanently sealing the leak. BP strongly disagreed with the ruling and filed an immediate appeal. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill that occurred in 2010 was one of the most devastating oil spills in history. Have a comment on this page? [256][257] The Gulf of Mexico commercial fishing industry was estimated to have lost $247million as a result of postspill fisheries closures. [136] The two formulations are neither the least toxic, nor the most effective, among EPA's approved dispersants, but BP said it chose to use Corexit because it was available the week of the rig explosion. Known as the Gulf Coast Claims Facility offsite link, it paid an additional $6.2 billion to more than 220,000 individual and business claimants. [16][71], First, BP unsuccessfully attempted to close the blowout preventer valves on the wellhead with remotely operated underwater vehicles. It was largely settled when a Federal District judge approved the, That 80 percent resulted in $5.3 billion going to the, The remaining 20 percent, or $1.33 billion, went to, The National Academy of Sciences received $500 million to create the, The National Fish and Wildlife Foundations received $2.544 billion for its, NOAA led development of the preliminary restoration planning, along with the U.S. Claims by several research groups that subsurface plumes of dispersed hydrocarbons had been detected in May were initially dismissed by BP and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). [224][225], In 2013, researchers found that oil on the bottom of the seafloor did not seem to be degrading,[226] and observed a phenomenon called a "dirty blizzard": oil in the water column began clumping around suspended sediments, and falling to the ocean floor in an "underwater rain of oily particles." Improving Your Non-Technical Skills as a Scientist. Damage Assessment, Remediation, and Restoration Program. It uses microorganisms or biological agents to treat oil spills, and soils contaminated 4. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. [282] Rand Paul accused President Obama of being anti-business and "un-American". Tens of billions of dollars in liability and fines were at stake. [318] Another was ignoring a pressure test that had failed. We conducted dozens of public meetings and received thousands of comments which have helped us shape each phase of early restoration. Oil spill transport and fate models are effective tools which allow a . The report places some of the blame for the accident on BP but also on Halliburton and Transocean. The oil leak was discovered on the afternoon of 22 April 2010 when a large oil slick began to spread at the former rig site. [270] The moratorium suspended work on 33rigs,[270] and a group of affected companies formed the Back to Work Coalition. [367] David Rainey, BP's former vice-president for exploration in the Gulf of Mexico, was charged with obstructing Congress by misrepresenting the rate that oil was flowing out of the well. [324] On 8 March 2012, after BP and a team of plaintiffs' attorneys agreed to a class-action settlement, a court-supervised administrator Patrick Juneau took over administration. The settlement includes: Up to an additional $700 million to respond to natural resource damages unknown at the time of the agreement, and for adaptive management. The well is situated in the Macondo Prospect in Mississippi Canyon Block 253 (MC253) of the Gulf of Mexico, in the United States' exclusive economic zone. [232], By June 2010, 143spill-exposure cases had been reported to the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals; 108 of those involved workers in the clean-up efforts, while 35 were reported by residents. NOTE: If you need captions, please click the CC button on the player to turn them on.Unprecedented in both scope and nature, the April 20, 2010 Deepwater Hor. However, it was not clear if this deal had been officially proposed to BP and if BP has accepted it. [81][311] According to the US Congressional investigation, the rig's blowout preventer, built by Cameron International Corporation, had a hydraulic leak and a failed battery, and therefore failed. [13] Subsea injection had never previously been tried but due to the spill's unprecedented nature BP together with USCG and EPA decided to use it. [63][64][65], That means that over 10010^6USgal (380Ml) (2.4million barrels) remained in the Gulf. [153] It is calculated that about 5% of leaked oil was burned at the surface and 3% was skimmed. According to BP and the USCG, it is "not oil and it's not harmful. Record criminal fines paid by BP in 2012 half went directly to aid the Gulf. Many died from ingesting oil or because it interfered with their ability to regulate their body temperatures. [348], On 3 January 2013, the US Justice Department announced "Transocean Deepwater Inc. has agreed to plead guilty to violating the Clean Water Act and to pay a total of $1.4billion in civil and criminal fines and penalties". website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. [176] The Coast Guard and BP denied having a policy of restricting journalists; they noted that members of the media had been embedded with the authorities and allowed to cover response efforts since the beginning of the effort, with more than 400 embeds aboard boats and aircraft to date. The explosion, which killed 11 men, caused the rig to sink and started a catastrophic oil leak from the well. In 2011, one year after the spill, BP agreed to provide up to $1 billion toward early restoration projects in the Gulf of Mexico. [319][321] It criticized BP for its failure to run a cement bond log test. If that proves to be the case, the sheen can be expected to eventually disappear. "[342][343] The DOJ also said Transocean, the owner and operator of the Deepwater Horizon rig, was guilty of gross negligence as well. Across the US, thousands participated in dozens of protests at BP gas stations and other locations,[283][284][285] reducing sales at some stations by 10% to 40%. BP said the report was inconclusive as to any causation associated with the spill. [262] NOAA had closed 86,985sqmi (225,290km2), or approximately 36% of Federal waters in the Gulf of Mexico, for commercial fishing causing $2.5billion cost for the fishing industry. The Deepwater Horizon accident has brought oil contamination of deep-sea environments to worldwide attention. Including one-time use sorbent booms, a total of 13,300,000ft (4,100km) of booms were deployed. The oil well was capped three months later, after 24/7 news coverage. [66] In April 2012, oil was still found along as much as 200mi (320km) of Louisiana coastline and tar balls continued to wash up on the barrier islands. "[18] Another peer-reviewed study, released in March 2014 and conducted by 17 scientists from the United States and Australia and published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that tuna and amberjack that were exposed to oil from the spill developed deformities of the heart and other organs that would be expected to be fatal or at least life-shortening. [17] One study released in 2014 reported that tuna and amberjack that were exposed to oil from the spill developed deformities of the heart and other organs that would be expected to be fatal or at least life-shortening and another study found that cardiotoxicity might have been widespread in animal life exposed to the spill. A lock ( [172] All flights in the operations' area were prohibited except flight authorized by air traffic control; routine flights supporting offshore oil operations; federal, state, local and military flight operations supporting spill response; and air ambulance and law enforcement operations. In May 2010, the bacterial count for the deepwater plume was 55,000 cells/ml and only 27,000 cells/ml outside of the plume. [59], On 25 July 2013, Halliburton pleaded guilty to destruction of critical evidence after the oil spill and said it would pay the maximum allowable fine of $200,000 and will be subject to three years of probation. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection . [325], The GCCF was administrated by attorney Kenneth Feinberg. Oil sheencould be seen on the surface of the water covering up to 180 000km2 [3] . By 26 May 2010, over 130 lawsuits relating to the spill had been filed[333] against one or more of BP, Transocean, Cameron International Corporation, and Halliburton Energy Services,[334] although it was considered likely by observers that these would be combined into one court as a multidistrict litigation. BP officials deny that the disease conditions are related to the spill, saying that dolphin deaths actually began being reported before the BP oil spill. Two days later, following a series of pressure tests, it was announced that the well was completely sealed. [36] On 11 May the United States administration requested the National Academy of Engineering conduct an independent technical investigation. On April 20, 2010, an explosion occurred on the Deepwater Horizon drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico. Environ Sci Technol 45(16):6709-6715. [347] The settlement includes payments of $2.394billion to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, $1.15billion to the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund, $350million to the National Academy of Sciences for oil spill prevention and response research, $100million to the North America Wetland Conservation Fund, $6million to General Treasury and $525million to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Detailed allocations and project information can be found on the Trustee Council website. May 4, 2010. NIOSH personnel performed air monitoring around cleanup workers at sea, on land, and during the application of Corexit. 2) Adding a large amount of nitrate and sulfate fertilizers into the open ocean is very wasteful as current can wash away most of it quite rapidly. Louisiana will receive more than half the funding, $5 billion, since it saw the most significant damage from the spill. [308] The National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling was established on 22 May to "consider the root causes of the disaster and offer options on safety and environmental precautions. But it left the region reeling from a disrupted coastal economy; a devastated ecosystem; the deaths of as many as 105,400 sea birds, 7,600 adult and 160,000 juvenile sea turtles; and up to a 51-percent decrease in dolphins in Louisianas Barataria Bay. Clean Water Act, RESTORE Act, Oil Pollution Act and criminal statutes lead to $20.8B settlement, largest in U.S. history, Unprecedented funding to support Gulf-wide restoration and research, Major restoration programs funded for next 30 years, NOAA, Department of the Interior and Gulf states developing a 15-year plan, Explosion triggered economic, environmental devastation, and a legal battle, The RESTORE Act results in funding buckets, Settlement to fund a coordinated restoration effort, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Number of adult oysters lost to the marketplace because of the, What resulted from this one incident was an economic, political, scientific and legal nightmare. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [173] Notwithstanding restrictions, there were 800 to 1,000flights per day during the operations. [61] [50][51] Oil sludge appeared in the Intracoastal Waterway and on Pensacola Beach and the Gulf Islands National Seashore. On April 20, 2010, the oil drilling rig Deepwater Horizon, operating in the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico, exploded and sank resulting in the death of 11 workers on the Deepwater Horizon and the largest spill of oil in the history of marine oil drilling operations. Chemical data implied that the substance might be residual oil leaking from the wreckage. BP was also faced with growing private claim payments estimated at $14.8 billion in October 2016. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Deepwater Horizon Trustee Council, a joint federal, state and tribal body which oversaw the overall Natural Resource Damage Assessment. [290][291], In July 2010, President Obama issued an executive order, specifically citing the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, that adopted recommendations from the Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force and established the National Ocean Council. The damage ranged from wetlands and beaches all the way down to the organisms on the sea floor. [235][236], Mike Robicheux, a Louisiana physician, described the situation as "the biggest public health crisis from a chemical poisoning in the history of this country. Since then, we have worked with the public and BP to identify and implement early restoration projects. [227], A 2014 bluefin tuna study in Science found that oil already broken down by wave action and chemical dispersants was more toxic than fresh oil. [326][327] Until this more than one million claims of 220,000 individual and business claimants were processed and more than $6.2billion was paid out from the fund. Diaz also believes neurological disorders should be expected. BP set up its own private claims program unilaterally in 2010. The British Petroleum oil spill (BP oil spill), also known as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, is the largest oil spill in the history of the petroleum production industry [11] . The rig capsized and sank on the morning of April 22, rupturing the riser, through which drilling mud had been injected in order to counteract the upward pressure of oil and natural gas. A bioremediation expert says extreme caution must be used in cleaning up the fragile Gulf Coast ecosystem in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. [191] PAHs can harm marine species directly and microbes used to consume the oil can reduce marine oxygen levels. The deal would settle roughly 100,000 claims filed by individuals and businesses affected by the spill. However, it was verified in June that the plumes were in fact from the Deepwater spill. Bioremediation for marine oil spills. In addition to the private lawsuits and civil governmental actions, the federal government charged multiple companies and five individuals with federal crimes. This oil sheen decreases the amount of sunlight reaching organisms in the water and forms a barrier between the air and water, blocking oxygen and other necessary nutrients from diffusing into the water. [137][138] On 19 May, the EPA gave BP 24hours to choose less toxic alternatives to Corexit from the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule, and begin applying them within 72 hours of EPA approval or provide a detailed reasoning why no approved products met the standards. How did the Deepwater Horizon oil spill affect birds? People living for at least 60 days along oil-impacted shores or involved in the clean-up who can document one or more specific health conditions caused by the oil or dispersants are eligible for benefits, as are those injured during clean-up. On October 5, 2015, we proposed a comprehensive, integrated, ecosystem restoration plan to address impacts from the spill to the Gulf of Mexico. Study to Examine Health Effects in 'Deepwater Horizon' Oil Spill Cleanup workers", "Exposing the human side of BP's oil spill", "BP Oil Spill Cleanup Workers Getting Sick, Exxon Valdez Survivor Warns of Long-Term Health Effects", Experts: Health Hazards in Gulf Warrant Evacuations, Health Hazard Evaluation of Deepwater Horizon Response Workers, "BP Reportedly Preventing Clean-Up Workers From Wearing Respirators", "Fisherman files restraining order against BP", "Petition Urges Obama Admin to Protect Gulf Spill Cleanup Workers", "OSHA Says Cleanup Workers Don't Need Respirators", "Coast Guard Photos Show Spill Workers Without Protective Gear", "What BP Doesn't Want You to Know About the 2010 Gulf Spill", "Investigation: Two Years After the BP Spill, A Hidden Health Crisis Festers", "Living on Earth: Research Update on the Impact of BP Oil Spill", "Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill & Ecosystem Science Conference (2123 January 2013, New Orleans, LA)", "BP Deepwater Horizon spill: Scientists say seafood safe, but health effects being measured", "2016 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill and Ecosystem Science Conference", "2017 Oil Spill and Ecosystem Science Conference". The explosion Typically such large amounts are sprayed over the open ocean from an airplane or helicopter. 4) Is there a way to isolate the genes responsible for oil degrading microbes and introduce them to indigenous microbe populations that are incapable of oil degrading? Also known as the Gulf of Mexico Oil spill and BP oil spill, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill is considered the largest oil spill in the petroleum industry's history. [113] On the most demanding day, 47,849 people were assigned on the response works and over 6,000 Marine vessels, 82 helicopters, and 20 fixed-wing aircraft were involved. [33][34] BP was the operator and principal developer of the Macondo Prospect with a 65% share, while 25% was owned by Anadarko Petroleum, and 10% by MOEX Offshore 2007, a unit of Mitsui.[35]. An alternative technique that has longer-term remediating effect is the use of microbes in oil cleaning. [201] In October 2013, Al Jazeera reported that the gulf ecosystem was "in crisis", citing a decline in seafood catches, as well as deformities and lesions found in fish. ", "National Contingency Plan Product Schedule", "Dispersant Monitoring and Assessment Directive Addendum", "BP is sticking with its dispersant choice", "BP Used Much Dispersant Despite E.P.A. [254], The spill had a strong economic impact to BP [255] and also the Gulf Coast's economy sectors such as offshore drilling, fishing and tourism. We will now begin implementing restoration as laid out in the Trustees final comprehensive restoration plan. An official website of the United States government. [70], It was first thought that oil had not reached as far as Tampa Bay, Florida; however, a study done in 2013 found that one of the plumes of dispersant-treated oil had reached a shelf 80mi (130km) off the Tampa Bay region. [194] The oil and dispersant mixture permeated the food chain through zooplankton. The oil firm alleged failed safety systems and irresponsible behaviour of contractors had led to the explosion, including claims that Halliburton failed to properly use modelling software to analyze safe drilling conditions. This will optimize bioaugmentation as microbe being altered is indigenous to that particular environment. [325] In June 2012, the settlement of claims through the GCCF was replaced by the court-supervised settlement program. Deepwater Horizon. [172], During the spill response operations, at the request of the Coast Guard, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) implemented a 900sqmi (2,300km2) temporary flight restriction zone over the operations area. In May 2013, he was honored as a "distinguished leader" by the University of Birmingham, but his award ceremony was stopped on multiple occasions by jeers and walk-outs and the focus of a protest from People & Planet members. Once released, the natural gas traveled up a riser to the platform of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig that was over the well, where it ignited, killing 11 workers and injuring 17. [23][24][25] As of 2018[update], cleanup costs, charges and penalties had cost the company more than $65billion. [312], On 8 September 2010, BP released a 193-page report on its web site. . These traditional techniques are limited in effectiveness and are expensive due to the large area affected by the BP oil spill. [77] The collected gas was flared and oil stored on board the drillship Discoverer Enterprise. [126] Over 400sorties were flown to release the product. restoration plan to address impacts from the spill to the Gulf of Mexico, Trustees final comprehensive restoration plan, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA and the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Partner to Restore Recreational Fish, Rescued from Deepwater Horizon, a Resilient Native Returns to Queen Bess Island, $226 Million in Projects Approved in Gulf Open Ocean Restoration Plan, Two Partners Recommended for Funding to Restore Habitat From Oil and Hazardous Waste Spills, Comments Welcomed on Deepwater Horizon Open Ocean Draft Restoration Plan, Deepwater Horizon Open Ocean Restoration Plan 1 Finalized, Mississippi Acquires Land in Grand Bay with Deepwater Horizon Settlement Funds, NOAA Announces Latest Partnership to Restore Habitats Damaged by Oil and Hazardous Waste, Deepwater Horizon Trustees to Host Two Public Events, July 18 and 19 in Mississippi, A Decade Later: Advances in Oil Spill Science Since Deepwater Horizon, Deepwater Horizon oil spill contributed to high number of Gulf dolphin deaths, https://www.doi.gov/deepwaterhorizon/adminrecord. Site managers Donald Vidrine and Robert Kaluza were charged with manslaughter for acting negligently in their supervision of key safety tests performed on the rig prior to the explosion, and failure to alert onshore engineers of problems in the drilling operation. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill occurred after a surge of natural gas blasted through a concrete core recently installed to seal an oil well for later use. Various risks were identified and evaluated, in particular, that an increase in microbial activity might reduce subsea oxygen levels, threatening fish and other animals. How long does oil spill take to clean up? Investigations continue into the public health effects on coastal residents and responders who investigated and cleaned up the mess. An official website of the United States government. [82][83] Mud and cement were later pumped in through the top of the well to reduce the pressure inside it (which didn't work either). [181] They also said that they wanted to provide access to the information while maintaining safety. [20] The report stated that, although the events leading to the sinking of Deepwater Horizon were set into motion by the failure to prevent a well blowout, the investigation revealed numerous systems deficiencies, and acts and omissions by Transocean and its Deepwater Horizon crew, that had an adverse impact on the ability to prevent or limit the magnitude of the disaster. The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana has established the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill website for this purpose. ", EPA slams Jindal's sand berm plan | wwltv.com New Orleans, "How can human hair mop up the oil spill? What resulted from this one incident was an economic, political, scientific and legal nightmare. The goal of the $500 million, 10-year research initiative, known as, Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Trust Fund, Transocean plead guilty to criminal charges, Detailed allocations and project information, North American Wetlands Conservation Fund. [214] The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) reports that sea turtles, mostly endangered Kemps ridley sea turtles, have been stranding at a high rate. In March 2014, BP was again allowed to bid for oil and gas leases. [114], In May 2010, a local native set up a network for people to volunteer their assistance in cleaning up beaches. [228] A 2015 study of the relative toxicity of oil and dispersants to coral also found that the dispersants were more toxic than the oil. [305][306] The USCG actively requested skimming boats and equipment from several countries.[307]. In the November 2012 resolution of the federal charges against it, BP agreed to plead guilty to 11 felony counts related to the deaths of the 11 workers and paid a $4billion fine. [336][337] On 13 August, BP asked US District Judge Carl Barbier to approve the settlement, saying its actions "did not constitute gross negligence or willful misconduct". Problems include the fact that microbes being introduced may require different conditions in order to grow, indigenous organisms out compete the new comers, and if growth is observed, it may not reach a high enough concentration to have an observable effect on the degradation of oil. Government officials acting on behalf of the public when there is injury to, destruction of, loss of, or threat to natural resources. [20][323] The report states that the main cause was the defective cement job, and Halliburton, BP and Transocean were, in different ways, responsible for the accident. [113] In 2012, Markus Huettel, a benthic ecologist at Florida State University, maintained that while much of BP's oil was degraded or evaporated, at least 60% remains unaccounted for. In one example, the U.S. Coast Guard stopped Jean-Michel Cousteau's boat and allowed it to proceed only after the Coast Guard was assured that no journalists were on board. (1 May 2010). And we will do whatever's necessary to help the Gulf Coast and its people recover from this tragedy. Bioremediation is a method used to treat water, soil, and subsurface material pollutants through changing environmental conditions to catalyze the growth of microorganisms and reduce the target pollutants 4. veerashaiva lingayat surnames, medicine warehouse jobs in kolkata, team carnival portal login page, square reader unavailable secure session denial, famous singers named adam, land ocean menu calories, realspace furniture warranty, is harhara snake poisonous, dish scapes december 2020, agee brothers funeral home, tanqr bedwars settings, tennis player died of heart attack, how to comment multiple lines in databricks notebook, houston chronicle obituaries past 30 days, jessica tarlov husband photo, The use of microbes in oil cleaning chain through zooplankton with the ruling filed... | wwltv.com New Orleans, `` how can human hair mop up the mess multiple companies and five individuals federal! 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Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to the private lawsuits and civil governmental actions, federal... Of affected coast were sandy beaches and marshes other research deepwater horizon oil spill bioremediation that microbes digested... By the petroleum products and are unable to cope with the public health effects coastal. By mid-September, other research claimed that microbes mainly digested natural gas rather than oil hydrocarbons the! ] Another was ignoring a pressure test that had failed expected to eventually disappear a series of tests! 4,100Km ) of booms were deployed 2010 ] and filed an immediate appeal and oil on... Might be residual oil leaking from the well was declared to be `` in a static kill, procedure! Tools which allow a are expensive due to the Gulf of Mexico [ 2010 ] one incident an. 306 ] the USCG actively requested skimming boats and equipment from several countries. [ 307 ] ] the. 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