However, the results of Mendel's inheritance study in hawkweeds was unlike his results for peas; the first generation was very variable and many of their offspring were identical to the maternal parent. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Gregor Mendel, known as the "father of modern genetics," was born in Austria in 1822. What happened to the green trait in Mendel's pea plants? Nineteenth century Austrian painter Gustav Klimt is known for the highly decorative style of his works, his most famous being The Kiss and the Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer. And to commemorate the 200 years since Mendel's birth, some researchers decided to dig him up and analyze his genes. Scoville, Heather. [11], He became a monk in part because it enabled him to obtain an education without having to pay for it himself. Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their appearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits. [43][44], In the end, the two approaches were combined, especially by work conducted by R. A. Fisher as early as 1918. He died at the age of 61 after suffering from kidney problems. Gregor Mendel (July 20, 1822 - January 6, 1884), known as the Father of Genetics, is most well-known for his work with breeding and cultivating pea plants, using them to gather data about dominant and recessive genes. Mendel showed that the inheritance of traits follows . [69][70], Mount Mendel in New Zealand's Paparoa Range was named after him in 1970 by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Although Mendels work was largely ignored during his lifetime, it was eventually rediscovered in the early 1900s by other scientists working in the field of genetics. He published a report on his work with hawkweed,[50] a group of plants of great interest to scientists at the time because of their diversity. As a priest, Mendel found his parish duty to visit the sick and dying so distressing that he again became ill. Abbot Cyril Napp found him a substitute-teaching position at Znaim (Znojmo, Czech Republic), where he proved very successful. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Born in 1822 in what is now the Czech Republic, Mendel was originally a monk in the Augustinian Abbey of St. Thomas. [61], Other scholars agree with Fisher that Mendel's various observations come uncomfortably close to Mendel's expectations. In 1865, Mendel delivered two lectures on his findings to the Natural Science Society in Brno, who published the results of his studies in their journal the following year, under the title Experiments on Plant Hybrids. It was during this time that he began to conduct his famous experiments on plant hybridization. His work helped to establish what we now know about how characteristics are passed from one generation to the next. It wasnt until after his death that other scientists began to realize the significance of his work. To achieve this, he embarked on a mammoth sized, highly systematic, eight year study of edible peas, individually and carefully recording the traits shown by every plant in successive generations. Gregor Mendel was unaware of the new science of genetics he founded and unaware of any future controversies. Early Life and Career Gregor Mendel Johannwas born on July 20, 1822, in Silesia in the Austrian Empire now known as the Czech Republic. The paradox, as Nissani defines it, is that Mendel's data seem in many cases too good to be true, yet Mendel had a reputation for probity and it seems . Gregor Mendel died on January 6, 1884, at the age of 61. To add more books, click here . A monk, Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his monastery's garden. Although his work was largely ignored during his lifetime, it later became the foundation for the science of genetics. Upon entering the Abbey, Johann took the first name Gregor as a symbol of his religious life. Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brnn, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, "Remembering Johann Gregor Mendel: a human, a Catholic priest, an Augustinian monk, and abbot", Funeral card in Czech (Brno, 6. Gregor Mendel was born on July 22 . He also wanted to discover why Mendels work had been overlooked for so long until it was rediscovered in 1900. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. January 1884), "Beyond the simplicity of Mendelian inheritance", "From Mendel to epigenetics: History of genetics", "Mendel's work and its rediscovery: A new perspective", "vod Rodn dm Johanna Gregora Mendela", "Genomanalyse beim ersten Genetiker: Gregor Mendel exhumiert", "The life of Gregor Johann Mendel--tragic or not? However, what did Gregor Mendel actually study? In 1849, when his work in the community in Brno exhausted him to the point of illness, Mendel was sent to fill a temporary teaching position in Znaim. Mendels successors have called this conclusion the law of independent assortment. Biologists flocked to the theory; even though it was not yet applicable to many phenomena, it sought to give a genotypic understanding of heredity which they felt was lacking in previous studies of heredity, which had focused on phenotypic approaches. The results would lead to the birth of new science. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. After completing his studies, in 1854 he returned to the monastery and became a physics teacher at a school at Brnn, where he taught for the next 16 years. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Scientist Louis Pasteur came up with the food preparation process known as pasteurization; he also developed vaccinations for anthrax and rabies. Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who lived from 1822 to1884; he ran monastery in what is now known today as the Czech Republic. Omissions? His work on heredity which did not find much acceptance during his lifetime took on much greater significance after his death and he was posthumously hailed as the father of modern genetics. Gregor Mendel was an Austrian scientist who is most famous for his pioneering work in the field of genetics. Czech composer Leo Janek played the organ at his funeral. Mendel became a priest in 1847 and got his own parish in 1848. He cross-fertilized pea plants that had clearly opposite characteristicstall with short, smooth with wrinkled, those containing green seeds with those containing yellow seeds, etc.and, after analyzing his results, reached two of his most important conclusions: the Law of Segregation, which established that there are dominant and recessive traits passed on randomly from parents to offspring (and provided an alternative to blending inheritance, the dominant theory of the time), and the Law of Independent Assortment, which established that traits were passed on independently of other traits from parent to offspring. [5] Though farmers had known for millennia that crossbreeding of animals and plants could favor certain desirable traits, Mendel's pea plant experiments conducted between 1856 and 1863 established many of the rules of heredity, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance.[6]. Mendel realized that his purple-flowered plants still held instructions for making white flowers somewhere inside them. In other words, the offspring will always be the same as their parents. Mendel was born in 1822 in the village of Heinzendorf in Austrian Silesia (now part of the Czech Republic). Mendel did the administration work and opposed the secular authorities that were going to introduce additional taxes for religious institutes. Gregor Mendel is often called the father of genetics for his discovery of the basic laws of inheritance. Porteous concluded that Mendel's observations were indeed implausible. Realized that traits could skip a generation seemingly lost traits could appear again in another generation he called these recessive traits. Although his work was largely ignored during his lifetime, it later became the foundation for the science of genetics. Abbot Napp encouraged Mendels science and heredity studies. To explain this phenomenon, Mendel coined the terms "recessive" and "dominant" in reference to certain traits. Gregor Mendel, in full Gregor Johann Mendel, original name (until 1843) Johann Mendel, (born July 20, 1822, Heinzendorf, Silesia, Austrian Empire [now Hynice, Czech Republic]died January 6, 1884, Brnn, Austria-Hungary [now Brno, Czech Republic]), botanist, teacher, and Augustinian prelate, the first person to lay the mathematical foundation of the science of genetics, in what came to be called Mendelism. Much of Mendel's early work in genetics has paved the way for modern scientists working in the field of microevolution. He formulated several basic genetic laws, including the law of segregation, the law of dominance, and the law of independent assortment, in what became known as Mendelian inheritance. Francis Galton was an English explorer and anthropologist best known for his research in eugenics and human intelligence. These rules determine how traits are passed through generations of living things. These discoveries were published in two scientific papers in 1866 and 1868. Three other lines of evidence likewise lend support to the assertion that Mendel's results are indeed too good to be true.[63]. 75 percent of the second-generation of plants had purple flowers, while 25 percent had white flowers. This time, because illness prevented him completing the exams. Mendels work laid the foundation for the science of genetics, and he is often referred to as the father of genetics. However, his work was not immediately recognized or accepted by the scientific community. Was Gregor Mendel ever married? He called the purple trait dominant and the white trait recessive. "[63], Daniel L. Hartl and Daniel J. Fairbanks reject outright Fisher's statistical argument, suggesting that Fisher incorrectly interpreted Mendel's experiments. "[62] Such an action could be justified on moral grounds (and hence provide a resolution to the Mendelian paradox), since the alternativerefusing to complymight have retarded the growth of scientific knowledge. He died, aged 61, of kidney disease on January 6, 1884. Gregor's never-ending search for knowledge, and his famous experiments are easy to understand. Alternate titles: Gregor Johann Mendel, Johann Mendel, Use the Punnett square to track dominant and recessive allele pairings that make up a trait's genotype, Learn how Austrian Catholic monk and botanist Gregor Mendel observed properties of heredity. Some of the misconceptions were based on a willful reluctanc. Reference: gregor mendel experiments. Lived 1822 - 1884. His work has become the foundation of genetics, the science of heredity, and variation in all living things. [10] During his childhood, Mendel worked as a gardener and studied beekeeping. Gregor Mendel and Religion . Moreover, Mendels refusal to permit the monastery to pay the states new taxes for a religious fund led to his involvement in a long and bitter dispute with the authorities. Once abbot, his administrative duties came to occupy the majority of his time. Greater workload and failing eyesight prevented him from carrying on his research further. He died in 1884 at the age of 61. This became known as Mendels Law of Segregation. In 1854 Abbot Cyril Napp permitted Mendel to plan a major experimental program in hybridization at the monastery. Gregor Mendel is best known for his work on genetics, but he was also an accomplished plantsman and meteorologist. His paper was criticized at the time, but is now considered a seminal work. Today, Mendel is celebrated as the father of genetics, and his work continues to have a profound impact on our understanding of biology. Mendel died in January 1884 after suffering from kidney disease for several years. In the numerous progeny that he raised from these hybrids (the second generation, F2), however, the recessive character reappeared, and the proportion of offspring bearing the dominant to offspring bearing the recessive was very close to a 3 to 1 ratio. Updates? First of all, pea plants take very little outside care and grow quickly. Though his experiments were conducted in the 1800s, they remain relevant today and are taught in many high school and college biology classes. White flowers are caused by recessive genes, indicated by the small letter (b). Trait inheritance in most plants and animals, including humans, follows the patterns Mendel recorded. Study of the descendants (F3) of the dominant group showed that one-third of them were true-breeding and two-thirds were of hybrid constitution. It took 8 years, involving several members of the monastery [_5_] , and monopolized the monastery's greenhouse and two hectares of research plots. Their minds were unreceptive to Mendels words and ideas. 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He had to take four months off during his gymnasium studies due to illness. He was laid to rest in the monasterys burial plot and his funeral was well attended. His work, however, was still largely unknown. When Mendel bred purple-flowered peas (BB) with white-flowered peas (bb), every plant in the next generation had only purple flowers (Bb). How Do Alleles Determine Traits in Genetics? His system proved to be of general application and is one of the basic principles of biology. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. He not only devoted his time and energies to religious activities, but to. Gregor Mendel, through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance. https://www.biography.com/scientist/gregor-mendel. [19] Mendel died on 6 January 1884, at the age of 61, in Brnn, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic), from chronic nephritis. Pea plants make a convenient system for studies of inheritance, and they are still studied by some geneticists today. People had known for millennia about selective breeding. From 1854 to 1856 he tested 34 varieties for constancy of their traits. . In Mendels terms, one character was dominant and the other recessive. Previous authorities had observed that progeny of fertile hybrids tended to revert to the originating species, and they had therefore concluded that hybridization could not be a mechanism used by nature to multiply speciesthough in exceptional cases some fertile hybrids did appear not to revert (the so-called constant hybrids). Mendel choose pea plants for his experiments because of the following reasons: (i) The flowers of this plant are bisexual. See also How To Bleach Palm Leaves? His paper was published the following year, but it was not widely read or understood at the time. He was at St. Thomas's Abbey but his bishop did not like one of his friars studying animal sex, so Mendel switched to plants. As a man of strong religious conviction, Mendel did not believe in evolution during his life. [14] At Vienna, his professor of physics was Christian Doppler. Mendel died in 1884, and just sixteen years later his work was rediscovered independently by scientists Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns. [16] The majority of his published works were related to meteorology. Gregor Mendel, born Johann Mendel, was an Augustinian monk and scientist. (Gregor Mendel to Carl Ngeli, April 1867, from Mendel [1950] ) What is MendelWeb? Identified recessive and dominant traits which pass from parents to offspring. Known For: Scientist, friar, and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey who gained posthumous recognition as the founder of the modern science of genetics. During his time in Olomouc, Mendel had made friends with two university professors: Friedrich Franz, a physicist, and Johann Karl Nestler, an agricultural biologist, who was interested in heredity. Gregor Mendel, born as Johann Mendel, was an Austrian scientist and monk hailed as the "Father of modern genetics" for his pioneering research in the field of heredity. He eventually entered a monastery where he conducted his famous experiments on pea plants. The seven traits of pea plants that Mendel chose to study: seed wrinkles; seed color; seed-coat color, which leads to flower color; pod shape; pod color; flower location; and plant height. "Biography of Gregor Mendel, Father of Genetics." If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! This made the data much more clear-cut and easier to work with. In 1865, Mendel published his findings in a paper entitled Experiments on Plant Hybridization. His work was largely ignored during his lifetime, but it was later rediscovered and Mendel is now considered one of the most important figures in the history of science. He also studied beekeeping . In order to trace the transmission of characters, he chose seven traits that were expressed in a distinctive manner, such as plant height (short or tall) and seed colour (green or yellow). Famous Scientists. He became an Augustinian monk in 1843 and later studied at the University of Vienna. In 1856, he took the exam to become a certified teacher and again failed the oral part. This was Mendels major discovery, and it was unlikely to have been made by his predecessors, since they did not grow statistically significant populations, nor did they follow the individual characters separately to establish their statistical relations. [30] Notably, Charles Darwin was not aware of Mendel's paper, and it is envisaged that if he had been aware of it, genetics as it exists now might have taken hold much earlier. His public opposition to an 1874 taxation law that increased taxes on monasteries further isolated him from his contemporaries. Abbot Franz Cyril Napp and Professor Franz Diebl also encouraged him to follow this path. answer choices Pea Plant Pigeons Pear trees Photosynthesis Question 2 180 seconds Q. Mendel began his famous experiments with pea plants in 1856. He studied a total of seven characteristics. [5] He was the son of Anton and Rosine (Schwirtlich) Mendel and had one older sister, Veronika, and one younger, Theresia. #sweet#cool#answers#fun#eazy. Please use the following MLA compliant citation: mendel is the best scientist i have ever read about, this was very help fun for my reshurch paper thxs Mendel's first experiments focused on one trait at a time, and on gathering data on the variations present for several generations. Johann Mendel (he wasnt called Gregor until later) was born July 20, 1822, in Heinzendorf bei Odrau. He is considered one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century. University of Vienna, University of Olmtz. Interestingly enough, his work wasn't discovered until 1900, thirty four years after it was published, around the time that the microscope was upgraded. His findings showed that there were some variations that were more likely to show up over the other variations. Mendel might have felt compelled "to simplify his data in order to meet real, or feared, editorial objections. Mendel was born in 1822 in Czechoslovakia and died at the age of 61 in 1884 in Brno, Czech Republic. Gregor Mendel is often called the father of genetics for his pioneering work in the study of heredity. Based on these observations, Mendel formulated his first law of inheritance. He was the first to study the effects of human selective mating. However, Mendel was not interested in farming, and he decided to become a teacher instead. shelved 1,381 times Showing 16 distinct works. He crossed varieties that differed in one traitfor instance, tall crossed with short. The main theory of heredity in Mendels time was that offspring were a smooth blend of their two parents traits. Mendel carried out his key experiments using the garden pea, Pisum sativum, as a model system. In 1865, Mendel presented his findings to the Natural History Society in Vienna. Working alone in his monasterys garden, he meticulously bred and tracked thousands of plants over several years, documenting their inheritances patterns. He originally wanted to become a priest, but after being discouraged by his teacher, he instead studied at the University of Olomouc. In Mendels honor, these very common patterns of heredity are now called Mendelian Inheritance. However, he had little interest in farming and instead chose to become a teacher. Mendel set himself the very ambitious task of discovering the laws of heredity. Images of scientists digitally enhanced and colorized by this website. He had a deep interest in botany which led him to conduct experiments on pea plants. In 1865, still interested in physical science, he founded the Austrian Meteorological Society. The move was a financial strain on his family, and often a difficult experience for Mendel, but he excelled in his studies, and in 1840, he graduated from the school with honors. British astrophysicist, scholar and trailblazer Jocelyn Bell Burnell discovered the space-based phenomena known as pulsars, going on to establish herself as an esteemed leader in her field. Dominance is indicated by a capital letter. Gregor Mendel's Contribution . Being mathematical, most Scientists failed to comprehend even the basic concepts concerning how the experiment was performed over time. On joining the Abbey, he took the name Gregor. Although this paper is now > 150 years old, it is still intensively studied. Diebl was an authority on plant breeding. He spent about seven years planting, breeding and cultivating pea plants in an experimental part of the abbey garden that was started by the previous abbot. Scientists dig up biologist Gregor Mendel's body and sequence his DNA December 30, 20224:47 PM ET Heard on All Things Considered Nell Greenfieldboyce Audio will be available later today. Gregor Mendel's research was so time and resource intensive that it could never have been completed without the full commitment of the St. Thomas monastery. Author of this page: The Doc [41][42] Modern genetics shows that Mendelian heredity is in fact an inherently biological process, though not all genes of Mendel's experiments are yet understood. He used the edible pea for his studies, crossing varieties that had maintained constant differences in distinct traits such as height (tall or short) and seed colour (green or yellow). In 1846, aged 24, Mendel took fruit-growing classes given by Professor Franz Diebl at the Brnn Philosophical Institute. He was a monk in Augustinian Abbey of St Thomas in Brno where he worked as a teacher. However, in the next generation, the green peas reappeared at a ratio of 1 green to 3 yellow. The 3:1 ratio could hence be rewritten as 1:2:1, meaning that 50 percent of the F2 generation were true-breeding and 50 percent were still hybrid. Gregor Mendel was a scientist who conducted experiments on the inheritance of traits in pea plants. Born Johann Mendel on July 22, 1822, young Mendel was the son of farming parents eking out a living in the Silesian foothills in modern-day Czech Republic. He was a monk in Augustinian Abbey of St Thomas in Brno where he worked as a teacher. Of course, his system eventually proved to be of general application and is one of the foundational principles of biology. answer choices It disappeared, further proving Darwin's theory of evolution The pea plants produced 50% less green seeds Czech J. Genet. Gregor Mendel. Gregor Mendel - The Scientist Nov 23 2020 The major purpose of this book is to present Johann Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) in a real and interesting way based on the most recent historical research and analysis of authentic sources. "[60][67] In 2008 Hartl and Fairbanks (with Allan Franklin and AWF Edwards) wrote a comprehensive book in which they concluded that there were no reasons to assert Mendel fabricated his results, nor that Fisher deliberately tried to diminish Mendel's legacy. Howard Wainer points me to a thoughtful discussion by Moti Nissani on "Psychological, Historical, and Ethical Reflections on the Mendelian Paradox.". milton norman medina. What did Gregor Mendel use to discover the principles that rule heredity? Identified many of the rules of heredity. Purple appears with any other combination of genes inherited from the parent plants. In fact, during his life, Mendel published more papers about meteorology than he did biology! Fisher's analysis gave rise to the Mendelian paradox: Mendel's reported data are, statistically speaking, too good to be true, yet "everything we know about Mendel suggests that he was unlikely to engage in either deliberate fraud or in unconscious adjustment of his observations. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Charles Darwin tried unsuccessfully to explain inheritance through a theory of pangenesis. He theorized that the occurrence of the visible alternative traits, in the constant hybrids and in their progeny, was due to the occurrence of paired elementary units of heredity, now known as genes. Wheat might be kept and sown the following year from those plants which had produced the most abundant crop. Mendel's observations became the foundation of modern genetics and the study of heredity, and he is widely considered a pioneer in the field of genetics. Cattle might be bred from cows that yielded most milk and bulls that yielded most meat. Mendel was born of a German-speaking . He formulated several basic genetic laws, including the law of segregation, the law of dominance, and the law of independent assortment, in what became known as Mendelian inheritance . In 1857, Mendel began a series of experiments with pea plants that would eventually lead to his discovery of the basic principles of genetics. By digging up his body and sequencing his DNA, of course. The Abbey actually had a good reputation for its teaching of sciences, and its director, Abbot Franz Cyril Napp, was particularly interested in the heredity of traits in plants and animals on farms. Gregor Mendel, born as Johann Mendel, was an Austrian scientist and monk hailed as the "Father of modern genetics" for his pioneering research in the field of heredity. Mendel was the son of a small-scale farmer and had seven brothers and sisters. The combination, in the 1930s and 1940s, of Mendelian genetics with Darwin's theory of natural selection resulted in the modern synthesis of evolutionary biology. [62] If such a breakthrough "could be best achieved by deliberately omitting some observations from his report and adjusting others to make them more palatable to his audience, such actions could be justified on moral grounds. For each trait, an organism inherits one gene from each parent. 61-year-old Abbot Mendel died in 1884; chronic nephritis was the cause of death. This small village was in the Austrian Empire, but is now in the Czech Republic. Gregor Mendel, the father of genetics, is known for the studies he did on garden peas to better understand heredity. It was hard for Johann to look at his . Mendels results gave the scientists of 1900 greater confidence in their own results and the new science of genetics was truly born. Around 1854, Mendel began to research the transmission of hereditary traits in plant hybrids. Gregor Mendel is best known for his work with his pea plants in the abbey gardens. What did Gregor Mendel use pea plants to study? These observations led Mendel to the law of segregation. As genetic theory continued to develop, the relevance of Mendels work fell in and out of favor, but his research and theories are considered fundamental to any understanding of the field, and he is thus considered the "father of modern genetics.". His experiments showed that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, subsequently becoming the foundation of modern genetics and leading to the study of . He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent. Education: University of Olomouc, University of Vienna. To. Mendel was born in 1822 in the village of Heinzendorf, Austria, now part of the Czech Republic. However, in 1850 Mendel failed an examintroduced through new legislation for teacher certificationand was sent to the University of Vienna for two years to benefit from a new program of scientific instruction. It states that there are two factors controlling a given characteristic, one of which dominates the other, and these factors separate and go to different gametes when a parent reproduces. Despite suffering from deep bouts of depression that, more than once, caused him to temporarily abandon his studies, Mendel graduated from the program in 1843. (2020, August 28). The pollen from the male plant fertilizes the egg in the female flower. The ratio of purple flowers to white flowers in their offspring will be 3:1 as shown in this diagram. Mendels work only made a big impact in 1900, 16 years after his death, and 34 years after he first published it. People did not start to realize the importance of his work until around 1900. So Mendel, who was more interested in science than religion, became a monk. Both the male and female parent plants in the diagram above carry the dominant gene B for purple and the recessive gene b for white flowers. When Mendel's paper was published in 1866 in Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brnn,[29] it was seen as essentially about hybridization rather than inheritance, had little impact, and was cited only about three times over the next thirty-five years. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Gregor Mendel, (born July 22, 1822, Heinzendorf, Austriadied Jan. 6, 1884, Brnn, Austria-Hungary), Austrian botanist and plant experimenter who laid the mathematical foundation of the science of genetics. It wasnt until after his death that Mendels work began to gain mainstream attention. Questions arose about the validity of the claims that the trio of botanists were not aware of Mendel's previous results, but they soon did credit Mendel with priority. Erich von Tschermak, Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns independently verified several of Mendel's experimental findings in 1900, ushering in the modern age of genetics. Below is the article summary. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Their results actually verified the forgotten results Mendel had published 34 years earlier. Why is Gregor Mendel work so important to genetics? The scientists were Carl Correns, Hugo de Vries, and Erich von Tschermak. He attempted the teacher exam again in 1856, although the event caused a nervous breakdown and a second failure. After graduation, Mendel became a teacher at an monastery school in Brno, where he began conducting experiments with peas. He bred different varieties of peas and carefully monitored their traits. In 1843, Mendel entered an Augustinian monastery in Brno, Austrian Empire (now part of Czech Republic). Gregor Johann Mendel (July 20, 1822 to Jan 6, 1884) Gregor Mendel was an Augustinian friar who is credited with founding the science of genetics. For the full article, see, https://www.britannica.com/summary/Gregor-Mendel. Gregor Mendel played a huge role in the underlying principles of genetic inheritance. Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns and Erich von Tschermak-Seysenegg eachindependently duplicated Mendel's experiments and results in 1900, finding out after the fact, allegedly, that both the data and the general theory had been published in 1866 by Mendel. Amidst several plant species that could be used for experimental research, Mendel . A year later, he went to the University of Vienna where he studied chemistry, biology and physics. [21], Mendel, known as the "father of modern genetics", chose to study variation in plants in his monastery's 2 hectares (4.9 acres) experimental garden. He later studied at the Philosophical Institute of the University of Vienna and then at the University of Olomouc in Moravia (now in the Czech Republic). Gregor Mendel, (born July 22, 1822, Heinzendorf, Austriadied Jan. 6, 1884, Brnn, Austria-Hungary), Austrian botanist and plant experimenter who laid the mathematical foundation of the science of genetics. When he died in 1884, he was remembered as a puttering monk with a skill for breeding plants. He also studied the anatomy and physiology of plants and the use of the microscope under botanist Franz Unger, an enthusiast for the cell theory and a supporter of the developmentalist (pre-Darwinian) view of the evolution of life. He experimented on garden pea hybrids while living at a monastery and is known as the father of modern genetics. Mendel died January 6 1884. 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