[282] Early District Railway stations were similar and on both railways the further from central London the station the simpler the construction. [124], London Underground trains come in two sizes, larger sub-surface trains and smaller deep-tube trains. [150] After the fatal 1987 King's Cross fire, all wooden escalators were replaced with metal ones and the mechanisms are regularly degreased to lower the potential for fires. [32] The Waterloo and City Railway opened in 1898,[33] followed by the Central London Railway in 1900, known as the "twopenny tube". Taking a moment to stop, step back, and look around inside some of London's Underground stations will reveal a wonderful display of urban design. The London Transport brand continued to be used by the GLC. The line may also be one of the first to be upgraded, alongside the Piccadilly line, with new trains, systems and platform-edge doors to test the systems before the Central and Bakerloo lines are upgraded. [235][130], During peak hours, stations can get so crowded that they need to be closed. Two people have been stabbed outside of Harlesden station in west London [93] This record was subsequently beaten in later years, with 4.82 million riders in December 2015. How many stations are there on the London Underground? The deepest station below sea level. [98] Although not part of the Underground, the line connects with several Underground stations. 1. [290] The Met's architect Charles Walter Clark had used a neo-classical design for rebuilding Baker Street and Paddington Praed Street stations before the First World War and, although the fashion had changed, continued with Farringdon in 1923. 3 District line - 64km. The London Underground is a metro system in the United Kingdom that serves Greater London and the home counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire. [37], With the advent of electric Tube services (the Waterloo and City Railway and the Great Northern and City Railway), the Volks Electric Railway, in Brighton, and competition from electric trams, the pioneering Underground companies needed modernising. A notice was published on 28 February 2014 in the Official Journal of the European Union asking for expressions of interest in building the trains. [191] Siemens Mobility's Inspiro design was selected in June 2018 in a 1.5billion contract. [193] There are nine zones with zone 1 being the central zone, which includes the loop of the Circle line with a few stations to the south of River Thames. [164] The line could be extended further on the Hayes National Rail line in future. [102][103], As of 2021, the Underground serves 272 stations. 191 trains have been introduced: 58 for the Metropolitan line and 133 for the Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines. The resulting fire cost the lives of 31 people and injured a further 100. Three South Western Railway passenger trains a day use District Line tracks between Wimbledon and East Putney. [87] Despite this, substantial investment to upgrade and modernise the Tube has taken place - with new trains (such as London Underground S7 and S8 Stock), new signalling, upgraded stations (such as King's Cross St Pancras) and improved accessibility (such as at Green Park). The line is predicted to run 30 trains per hour, an increase of up to 50% on the current 21 trains per hour. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) [15] This was followed by the adoption of Apple Pay in 2015[196] and Android Pay in 2016,[197] allowing payment using a contactless-enabled phone or smartwatch. Round 3: London Underground True or False Questions. [110], The average speed on the Underground is 20.5mph (33.0km/h). [189] The invitation to tender for the trains was issued in January 2016;[190] the specifications for the Piccadilly line infrastructure are expected in 2016,[184][185] and the first train is due to run on the Piccadilly line in 2023. [329], The Underground (including several fictitious stations[330]) has been featured[clarification needed] in many movies and television shows, including Skyfall, Death Line, Die Another Day, Sliding Doors, An American Werewolf in London, Creep, Tube Tales, Sherlock and Neverwhere. [292] Holden's design for the Underground's headquarters building at 55 Broadway included avant-garde sculptures by Jacob Epstein, Eric Gill and Henry Moore.[293][294]. [31], For the first deep-level tube line, the City and South London Railway, two 10feet 2inches (3.10m) diameter circular tunnels were dug between King William Street (close to today's Monument station) and Stockwell, under the roads to avoid the need for agreement with owners of property on the surface. [338] Routes on the Underground can also be optimized using a global network optimization approach, akin to routing algorithms for Internet applications. [176][177], The eighty-six 1973 stock trains that operate on the Piccadilly line are some of the most reliable trains on the London Underground. Fast and semi-fast services operate only during peak hours; southbound only in the mornings, northbound only in the evenings. [194] Paper tickets, the contactless Oyster cards, contactless debit or credit cards[195] and Apple Pay[196] and Android Pay[197] smartphones and watches can be used for travel. [311] Graphic posters first appeared in the 1890s,[312] and it became possible to print colour images economically in the early 20th century. This resulted in a 40% increase in capacity between Seven Sisters and Walthamstow Central. The New Tube for London, which will replace the trains for the Bakerloo, Central, Waterloo and City and Piccadilly lines, is planned to have air conditioning for the new trains along with better energy conservation and regenerative braking.[129][140][141]. In the 2010s, the 18.8bn Crossrail project built a new eastwest railway tunnel under central London. [85][86], In the early 2000s, London Underground was reorganised in a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) as part of a project to upgrade and modernise the system. The shortest, at Stratford, gives a vertical rise of 4.1 metres (13ft). [6] The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway. [261] He presented his original draft in 1931, and after initial rejection it was first printed in 1933. All Usage statistics (total entry plus exits) are in millions per year for 2021 , Video of every London Underground Station, Circle and Hammersmith & City lines station, Bakerloo, Circle and District lines station, List of former and unopened London Underground stations, List of busiest London Underground stations, London Underground stations that are listed buildings, "New Northern line stations open today as Tube extends to Battersea Power Station", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_London_Underground_stations&oldid=1132862226, Commercial Road: (Proposed before opening), Nightingale Lane: (Proposed before opening), Ilford North/Cranbrook: (Proposed before opening), King's Cross (Metropolitan line): 18631925, Cranbourn Street: (Proposed before opening), Lisson Grove/Marylebone: (Proposed before opening), King William Street: (Proposed before opening), Moorgate Street (Metropolitan line): 18651924, Seymour Street: (Proposed before opening), East Barnet/Merryhills: (Proposed before opening), Kennington Oval: (Proposed before opening), Paddington (Praed Street) (Circle line): 18681947, Ilford West/Red House: (Proposed before opening), Newgate Street: (Proposed before opening), Ducketts Green/Harringay: (Proposed before opening), Warrington Crescent: (Proposed before opening), Archway Tavern: (Proposed before opening), Arsenal (Highbury Hill): 1932 (suffix gradually dropped), Lombard Street (Northern line): (Proposed before opening), Bayswater (Queen's Road) & Westbourne Grove: 192333, Bayswater (Queensway): 1946 (suffix gradually dropped), Sheaves Hill/Orange Hill/Deansbrook: (Proposed before opening), Burnt Oak (Watling): 1928 (suffix gradually dropped), Chancery Lane (Grays Inn): 1934 (suffix gradually dropped), Trafalgar Square (Bakerloo line): 190679, Charing Cross (Strand) (Northern line): 191415, Charing Cross (Embankment) (Bakerloo & Northern lines): 191415, This page was last edited on 10 January 2023, at 23:39. 1. [91] In 2019[update], over 12 million Oyster cards and 35 million contactless cards were used, generating around 5bn in ticketing revenue. The system is composed of eleven lines Bakerloo, Central, Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, Jubilee, Metropolitan, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria, and Waterloo & City serving 272 stations. The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England. [104][105] Sixteen Underground stations are outside London region, eight on the Metropolitan line and eight on the Central line. [299] The project was critically acclaimed, with the Royal Fine Arts Commission describing the project as "an example of patronage at its best and most enlightened", and two stations shortlisted for the Stirling Prize. Bank and Monument operate as a combined station with shared usage statistics. As with the Victoria line, the service frequency is planned to increase to 36 trains per hour. [14] Contactless bank card payments were introduced in 2014,[15] the first such use on a public transport system.[16]. 270 stations Since then the Underground network, affectionately nicknamed the Tube by generations of Londoners, has grown to 270 stations and 11 lines stretching deep into the Capital's suburbs, and beyond. [246] As of 2015[update] there have been nine consecutive years in which no employee fatalities have occurred. Because these costs are unevenly distributed across stations and platforms, path choice analyses may be helpful in guiding upgrades and choice of new stations. Over 500million journeys have taken place using contactless, and TfL has become one of Europe's largest contactless merchants, with around 1 in 10 contactless transactions in the UK taking place on the TfL network. [257] In the same year, following a marketing agreement between the operators, a joint central area map that included all the lines was published. [273], After the UERL was absorbed into the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933, it used forms of the roundel for buses, trams and coaches, as well as the Underground. The study had showed that, with new generation trains and re-signalling: The project is estimated to cost 16.42 billion (9.86billion at 2013 prices). To enable this up to 50 additional trains will be built in addition to the current 106 1995 stock. The transfer of responsibility was staged, with transfer of control of London Underground delayed until July 2003, when London Underground Limited became an indirect subsidiary of TfL. [171][172], The Central line was the first line to be modernised in the 1990s, with 85 new 1992-stock trains and a new automatic signalling system installed to allow Automatic Train Operation. One infraco Metronet went into administration in 2007, and TfL took over the other Tube Lines in 2010. Originally, air turbulence was kept to a minimum by keeping all signage flat to the tunnel walls. The system is patrolled by both uniformed and plain-clothes fare inspectors with hand-held Oyster-card readers. [16] The Underground first started accepting contactless debit and credit cards in September 2014. Erase Asia (No Outlines or Skips) 5. London E20 1JN. [300] Stations were built to the latest standards, future proofed for growth, with innovations such as Platform screen doors. Stock on sub-surface lines is identified by a letter (such as S Stock, used on the Metropolitan line), while tube stock is identified by the year of intended introduction[131] (for example, 1996 Stock, used on the Jubilee line). Opened on 10 January 1863,[7] it is now part of the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. [48] After the war, government-backed financial guarantees were used to expand the network and the tunnels of the City and South London and Hampstead railways were linked at Euston and Kennington;[49] the combined service was not named the Northern line until later. The trains often break down, have to be withdrawn from service at short notice and at times are not available when required, leading to gaps in service at peak times. [178][179], The line was upgraded with five new 1992-stock trains in the early 1990s, at the same time as the Central line was upgraded. Bank/Mounment has 6 (if you include the DLR). [219] Some lines are occasionally closed for scheduled engineering work at weekends. [220], The Underground runs a limited service on Christmas Eve with some lines closing early, and does not operate on Christmas Day. The Underground uses several railways and alignments that were built by main-line railway companies. The Metropolitan line operates express services, known as "fast" or "semi-fast", which do not stop at certain stations, thus decreasing total travelling time and increasing capacity. [55] In 1999, the Jubilee Line Extension project extended the Jubilee line from Green Park station through the growing Docklands to Stratford station. People ask also, what is the longest underground line? The 11 new stations were designed to be "Future-proof", with wide passageways, large quantities of escalators and lifts, and emergency exits. [41][42] When the "Bakerloo" was so named in July 1906, The Railway Magazine called it an undignified "gutter title". [11] In addition, the Underground does not cover most southern parts of Greater London, and there are only 33 stations south of the River Thames. [72], On 1 January 1970 responsibility for public transport within Greater London passed from central government to local government, in the form of the Greater London Council (GLC), and the London Transport Board was abolished. Jubilee line - 36.2km A saviour for the outskirts of London, which were previously horribly under-served, the Jubilee line is the newest on the network. Access from platform to train at some stations can be assisted using a boarding ramp operated by staff, and a section has been raised on some platforms to reduce the step. [44] Only the Metropolitan Railway, along with its subsidiaries the Great Northern & City Railway and the East London Railway, and the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by the main line London and South Western Railway, remained outside the Underground Group's control. [37][284] The Central London Railway appointed Harry Bell Measures as architect, who designed its pinkish-brown steel-framed buildings with larger entrances. [75], In 1979 another new tube, the Jubilee line, named in honour of Queen Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee, took over the Stanmore branch from the Bakerloo line, linking it to a newly constructed tube between Baker Street and Charing Cross stations. To enable this, ventilation, power supply and control and signalling systems will be adapted and modified to allow the increase in frequency. 4. By Alastair Lockhart For Mailonline 14:22 17 Jan 2023, updated 14:22 17 Jan 2023. This, combined with segregation of trains at Camden Town junction, will allow 3036 trains per hour compared to 24 trains per hour currently. On the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines . [144] Each lift was staffed, and at some quiet stations in the 1920s the ticket office was moved into the lift, or it was arranged that the lift could be controlled from the ticket office. District Line The District Line has the most stations: 60. Two people have been stabbed just outside a crowded Tube station in West London in broad daylight. [6], The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway. [36], While steam locomotives were in use on the Underground there were contrasting health reports. [335], The London Underground provides busking permits for up to 39 pitches across 25 central London stations, with over 100,000 hours of live music performed each year. [286] Green pioneered using building design to guide passengers with direction signs on tiled walls, with the stations given a unique identity with patterns on the platform walls. [231][232], As of January2022[update], there are 90 stations with step-free access from platform to train,[154][233][234] and there are plans to provide step-free access at another 11 stations by 2024. Part of the Greater London Authority, the TfL Board is appointed by the Mayor of London, who also sets the structure and level of public transport fares in London. [127] All lines use fixed-length trains with between six and eight cars, except for the Waterloo & City line that uses four cars. [42] By 1907 the District and Metropolitan Railways had electrified the underground sections of their lines. The line is predicted to run a maximum of 27 trains per hour, a 25% increase on the current 21 trains per hour during peak periods. 1869. [17][18][19] The schematic Tube map, designed by Harry Beck in 1931, was voted a national design icon in 2006 and now includes other transport systems besides the Underground, such as the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Thameslink, the Elizabeth line, and Tramlink. The 85 existing 1992-stock trains are the most unreliable on the London Underground as they are equipped with the first generation of solid-state direct-current thyristor-control traction equipment. Listed for each station is the line or lines serving it, the local authority and London Travelcard zone in which it is located, the date it opened, previous names and passenger usage statistics in millions per year.. Police and ambulance services were called to Harlesden station (Picture: UKNIP) Two people have been stabbed outside of an Underground station in north-west London. Heathrow Terminal 4 station was closed during the COVID national lockdown. [146] The escalators had a diagonal shunt at the top landing. The line and the stations were transferred to the London Overground network in 2010. [310], Early advertising posters used various letter fonts. [37] Ironically, the term Tube was later adopted alongside the Underground. The London Underground uses a system of nine concentric zones for the calculation of fares between stations. Underground map with the tube lines and stations, according to the current . The typesetters P22 developed today's electronic version, sometimes called TfL Johnston, in 1997. [128] New trains are designed for maximum number of standing passengers and for speed of access to the cars and have regenerative braking and public address systems. 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Some stations at the north-eastern end of the Central line are in the Epping Forest district of Essex and some stations at the north-western end of the Metropolitan line are in the Three Rivers and Watford districts of Hertfordshire, and Buckinghamshire. [238] When asked, passengers report overcrowding as the aspect of the network that they are least satisfied with, and overcrowding has been linked to poor productivity and potential poor heart health. [262][263], The current standard tube map shows the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Emirates Air Line, London Tramlink and the London Underground;[264] a more detailed map covering a larger area, published by National Rail and Transport for London, includes suburban railway services. [180][181][182], In mid-2014 Transport for London issued a tender for up to 18 trains for the Jubilee line and up to 50 trains for the Northern line. [137], In June 2006 a groundwater cooling system was installed at Victoria station. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 has a single-player level named Mind The Gap where most of the level takes place between the dockyards and Westminster while the player and a team of SAS attempt to take down terrorists attempting to escape using the London Underground via a hijacked train. Stopping services, which stop at every station on the route, may be described as "all-stations" services. [81], In April 1994, the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by British Rail and known as the Waterloo & City line, was transferred to the London Underground. This resulted in the closure of the short section of tunnel between Green Park and Charing Cross stations. [222] The Night Tube proposal was originally scheduled to start on 12 September 2015, following completion of upgrades, but in August 2015 it was announced that the start date for the Night Tube had been pushed back because of ongoing talks about contract terms between trade unions and London Underground. metro systems. In recent years, the stations of the 1990s Jubilee Line Extension were designed in a high-tech style by architects such as Norman Foster and Michael Hopkins. [223][224] On 23 May 2016 it was announced that the night service would launch on 19 August 2016 for the Central and Victoria lines. The Overground never runs underground. As of 2021, the record for fastest completion was held by Steve Wilson (UK) and Andi James (Finland), who completed the challenge in 15 hours, 45 minutes and 38 seconds on 21 May 2015. London Underground services suffered severe disruption on Monday morning due to "power supply problems", Transport for London has said. London Underground, better known as the Tube, has 11 lines covering 402km and serving 272 stations. Fares increased following a legal challenge but the fare zones were retained, and in the mid-1980s the Travelcard and the Capitalcard were introduced. Small changes to the Tube network occurred in the 2000s, with extensions to Heathrow Terminal 5, new station at Wood Lane and the Circle line changed from serving a closed loop around the centre of London to a spiral also serving Hammersmith in 2009. [285] Clark would later design "Chiltern Court", the large, luxurious block of apartments at Baker Street, that opened in 1929. [202] It can be loaded with Travelcards and used on the Underground, the Overground, buses, trams, the Docklands Light Railway, and National Rail services within London. [80] Following the fire, substantial improvements to safety on the Tube were implemented - including the banning of smoking, removal of wooden escalators, installation of CCTV and fire detectors, as well as comprehensive radio coverage for the emergency services. [146] In the 1920s and 1930s many lifts were replaced by escalators. [1] The Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, and Metropolitan lines form the sub-surface network, with railway tunnels just below the surface and of a similar size to those on British main lines, converging on a circular bi-directional loop around zone 1. [139] New air-conditioned trains have been introduced on the sub-surface lines, but was initially ruled out for the tube trains due to space being considered limited on tube trains for air-conditioning units and that these would heat the tunnels even more. [211] Called a "Freedom Pass" it allows free travel on TfL-operated routes at all times and is valid on some National Rail services within London at weekends and after 09:30 on Monday to Fridays. [281] The Metropolitan Railway's original seven stations were inspired by Italianate designs, with the platforms lit by daylight from above and by gas lights in large glass globes. [66][71] Also during the 1960s, the Victoria line was dug under central London and, unlike the earlier tunnels, did not follow the roads above. [50] The Metropolitan promoted housing estates near the railway with the "Metro-land" brand and nine housing estates were built near stations on the line. [69] In the early 1960s, the Metropolitan line was electrified as far as Amersham, British Railways providing services for the former Metropolitan line stations between Amersham and Aylesbury. His design was displayed at Southwark Station in collaboration with Art on the Underground to mark the opening weekend of the new Tate Modern gallery situated near the station. On 10 January, The Metropolitan Railway opens the world's first underground railway, between Paddington (then called Bishop's Road) and Farringdon Street. [167] The long proposed Croxley Rail Link (an extension of the Metropolitan line) was cancelled in 2018 due to higher than expected costs and lack of funding. On 19 August 2016, London Underground launched a 24-hour service on the Victoria and Central lines with plans in place to extend this to the Piccadilly, Northern and Jubilee lines starting on Friday morning and continuing right through until Sunday evening. In the original Tube design, trains passing through close fitting tunnels act as pistons to create air pressure gradients between stations. London Under. [39] In the early 20th century, the District and Metropolitan railways needed to electrify and a joint committee recommended an AC system, the two companies co-operating because of the shared ownership of the inner circle. There were many instances of passengers collapsing whilst travelling, due to heat and pollution, leading for calls to clean the air through the installation of garden plants. 4 Northern line - 58km. [13] The Travelcard ticket was introduced in 1983 and Oyster card, a contactless ticketing system, in 2003. [255] A Central London Railway route diagram appears on a 1904 postcard and 1905 poster,[256] similar maps appearing in District Railway cars in 1908. [51][52] The Piccadilly line was extended north to Cockfosters and took over District line branches to Harrow (later Uxbridge) and Hounslow. [78] One person operation had been planned in 1968, but conflict with the trade unions delayed introduction until the 1980s. [243] Mobile phone apps and services have been developed to help passengers claim their refund more efficiently. The Bakerloo, Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria and Waterloo & City lines are deep-level tubes, with smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels (tubes) with a diameter about 11feet 8inches (3.56m). ", "Rolling Origin & Destination Survey (RODS)", "Up to date per line London Underground usage statistics", "Piccadilly Underground line Transport for London", Passenger Train Services over Unusual Lines, "Passenger Train Services over Unusual Lines", "Making transport more accessible to all", "Environmental Quality in Underground Railways", "Work begins to cool the platforms at two major central London stations", "Improving the Tube What we're doing Improving the trains", "Numeric and experimental analysis of the turbulent flow through a channel with baffle plates", "Deadly Asbestos 'All Over the Place' on London Underground", "Mystery over Tube escalator etiquette cleared up by restored film", "Incline lift at Greenford Tube station is UK first", "Improvements and Projects Step-free access", "London Underground Advertising | All Products & Formats", "Virgin Media extends free wi-fi on London Underground until 2013", "Plans for mobile network on London underground shelved", "4G on Jubilee line tunnel section from March 2020", "London Underground Virgin Media WiFi Network", "New consultation on Bakerloo line extension opens today", "Bakerloo line extension Background to Consultation Summary Report October 2019", "Planning for the Future Bakerloo line extension", "Clapham Junction next for Northern Line says London Assembly member", "Metropolitan Line extension stalemate between mayor Sadiq Khan and government leaves TFL mulling bus scheme alternative", "Canary Wharf Group in talks about rail link to Euston", "Information on the Northern Line upgrade", "Major works to improve Victoria line services this summer", "All Victoria Line trains to run 'end to end' for first time", "Third Time Lucky: A Look At The New Sub-Surface Signalling Plan", "LU begins search for new Jubilee and Northern line train supplier", "Design for the 'New Tube for London' revealed", "Driverless Tube trains: Unions vow 'war' over plan", "New Tube for London invitations to tender issued", "Khan: New Piccadilly rolling stock will be delivered by 2023", "East Yorkshire factory wins 1.5bn Tube train deal", "TfL to accept Apple Pay on public transport", "Android Pay accepted for pay as you go travel in London", "Fares & payments Contactless Apple Pay", "Fares & payments Fares Tube, DLR and London Overground", "Fares & payments Oyster Using your Oyster card Capping", "Fares & payments Oyster Using your Oyster card Incomplete journeys", "The 66.5million cost of not touching out your Oyster card", "London's contactless fares system to power New York's subway, bus and rail journeys", "New York to Replace MetroCard With Modern Way to Pay Transit Fares", "The MBTA has a $723 million plan to change the way you pay for rides The Boston Globe", "Revenue Enforcement and Prosecutions Policy", "Later London Underground service being considered", "Party on, London Tube will run an hour later on Fridays and Saturdays", "Transport in London over Christmas and New Year's Eve", "London 2012 Olympics: Tube to shut hour later, TfL says", "Night Tube start date postponed as talks continue", "London tube to run all night at weekends but 750 jobs to go", "London night tube services to Heathrow start this weekendCoronavirus: London cuts Tube trains and warns 'don't travel unless you really have to', "The London Underground An accessible future? [11] Outside the tunnels of central London, many lines' trains tend to travel at over 40mph (64km/h) in the suburban and countryside areas. The trains have exceeded their design life of around 40 years and are in need of replacement. [287][288] Many of these tile patterns survive, though a significant number of these are now replicas. In others, such as British Museum, all evidence of the station has been lost through demolition. Major work is to be undertaken on the fleet to ensure their continued reliability with brakes, traction control systems, doors, automatic control systems being repaired or replaced, among other components. [65][66][67] Under the same act, the country's main line railways were also nationalised, and their reconstruction was given priority over the maintenance of the Underground and most of the unfinished plans of the pre-war New Works Programme were shelved or postponed. The line operates under traditional signalling and does not use Automatic Train Operation. [184][185] On 9 October 2014 TFL published a shortlist of those (Alstom, Siemens, Hitachi, CAF and Bombardier) who had expressed an interest in supplying 250 trains for between 1.0billion and 2.5billion, and on the same day opened an exhibition with a design by PriestmanGoode. [194] The tube map came second in a BBC and London Transport Museum poll asking for a favourite UK design icon of the 20th century[265] and the underground's 150th anniversary was celebrated by a Google Doodle on the search engine. Rail line in future simpler the construction administration in 2007, and in the Metropolitan and! London Overground network in 2010 4.1 metres ( 13ft ) there were contrasting health reports frequency. Pistons to create air pressure gradients between stations cards in September 2014 railways had electrified the there. Phone apps and services have been nine consecutive years in which no employee fatalities have occurred Monument operate as combined! 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